ABSTRACT
Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is often caused by hyposecretion of gonadotropin and consequently affects male fertility. The patient with IHH has a smaller penis and testes with spermatogenic dysfunction. At present, IHH is treated mainly with hCG, hMG, GnRH, and their different combinations. However, due to the lack of large-sample evidence, it is not yet clear which therapy is the best option. This article presents an overview of our experience in the treatment of IHH in the last decade and a review of relevant literature, aiming at a deeper insight into this male disease.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe and compare the effects and adverse events of the three phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil used in the same period for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 311 ED patients were treated with the three PDE-5 inhibitors in the same period, 134 with sildenafil, 109 with vardenafil and 88 with tadalafil, and followed up for 2-11 months. Their effects were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sildenafil produced satisfactory effect in 72 patients (79.12%), vardenafil in 63 (81.81%) and tadalafil in 52 (78.78%), respectively. And the efficacy rates of sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil in the treatment of ED with premature ejaculation were 55.56%, 44.44% and 42.3%, respectively. Our study also showed that the young and the newly married preferred vardenafil, the middle-aged chose tadalafil and the older and long-term users tend to take sildenafil. The main reasons for discontinuing the use of the three inhibitors were their high price, incomplete effect and the patients' worry about their adverse action.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The three PDE-5 inhibitors can produce basically similar effects on ED, all with safety and few mild adverse events.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Erectile Dysfunction , Drug Therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors , Phosphodiesterase InhibitorsABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To explore the possible effect of the deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) copy cluster deletion on spermatogenesis in the Chinese population, the deletion of the azoospermia factor c (AZFc) region was analyzed in 346 normozoospermic men.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three DAZ single nucleotide variant loci and seven AZFc-specific sequence-tagged sites were examined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism and routine PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five (1.4%) of the normozoospermic men were found to have deletion of gr/gr-DAZ1/DAZ2. None of the men were found to have b2/b4-entire DAZ deletion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The presence of gr/gr-DAZ1/DAZ2 deletion in five men with normozoospermia suggests that this deletion per se may not be sufficient for spermatogenic impairment in Chinese men.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Asian People , Genetics , China , Chromosomes, Human, Y , Genetics , Gene Deletion , Oligospermia , Genetics , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , RNA-Binding Proteins , Genetics , Recombination, Genetic , Genetics , Sequence Tagged Sites , Spermatogenesis , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation of male infertility with abnormality of chromosomal quantity and construction and with the deletion of DAZ gene copy in the AZFc region of Y chromosome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Included in the study were 247 azoospermic and 206 severe oligozoospermic patients, as well as 210 fertile men as controls. Multi-PCR and PCR-RFLP were used to analyze the deletion of DAZ gene copies in the AZFc region of Y chromosome. Chromosomal quantity and construction were detected by G-band in the 453 patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the azoospermic and severe oligozoospermic patients, the incidences of chromosomal abnormality were 12.6% and 8.3%; the rates of complete DAZ deletion were 7.7% and 11.2%, and the rates of DAZ1/DAZ2 deletion were 7.3% and 4.9% respectively, but no deletion was detected in the controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a high frequency of chromosomal abnormality and DAZ gene copy deletion in patients with azoospermia and oligospermia, which suggests that chromosomal abnormality and partial and complete deletion of DAZ gene copy might be important genetic causes of Chinese male infertility.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , China , Epidemiology , Chromosome Deletion , Chromosomes, Human, Y , Genetics , Deleted in Azoospermia 1 Protein , Gene Dosage , Infertility, Male , Epidemiology , Genetics , Oligospermia , Epidemiology , Genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , RNA-Binding Proteins , Genetics , Sex Chromosome AberrationsABSTRACT
Leydig cells are the primary source of testosterone. As is true for all specialized cells, Leydig cells originally arise from primitive undifferentiated stem cells, stem Leydig cells (SLCs). The huge potential of SLCs is to be used therapeutically to restore testosterone levels in males with androgen deficiency due to diverse causes. The initial paradigm for cell therapy would call for harvesting the SLCs of an androgen deficient male, amplifying these cells in vitro, inducing differentiation in vitro, and then implanting the mature Leydig cells back into the same individual.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Androgens , Cell Differentiation , Cells, Cultured , Leydig Cells , Cell Biology , Stem Cells , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the semen quality and the sperm morphology in infertile men with varicocele.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Semen from 98 infertile men with varicocele were studied and those of 130 normal semen donors were taken as the control. Semen analysis was performed based on the methods described in the WHO manual and sperm morphology was evaluated by WHO criteria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A significantly reduced percentage of normal morphologic sperm and of forward progression were found in patients with varicocele comparing with those of the control (P <0.001). The head defects were observed as the predominant type of sperm malformation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The varicocele increases malformed sperm in ejaculates, which may result from impaired male fertility by varicocele. Sperm morphologic assessment with WHO criteria provides a sensitive and practical measurement of sperm damage in infertile men with varicocele.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Infertility, Male , Pathology , Semen , Spermatozoa , Congenital Abnormalities , Pathology , Varicocele , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) complicated by erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five patients of PE complicated by ED received flexible doses of sildenafil from 50 to 100 mg for 1 to 3 months. Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and sexual satisfaction ratio (SSR) of partner were recorded to evaluate the effect of PE treatment, as well as the general efficacy and satisfaction of ED treatment. And the difference of IIEF-5 before and after the treatment were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-seven patients had their PE improved and the effective rate was 60%. Forty patients reported the improvement in erection and the percentage of erectile improvement was 88.88%. All the 27 patients with improvement of PE achieved effective erection through the administration of 50 mg sildenafil and the satisfaction rate reached 81.48%. On the other hand, only 1 case (5.56%) reported satisfaction over the treatment in the 18 patients who did not obtain improvement of PE. Between the PE improvement group and non-improvement group, there were significant differences (P < 0.001) shown in IIEF-5 scores before and after the treatment. Mild or moderate side effects were reported in 9 patients(20%), who recovered without any treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>To premature ejaculation patients with ED, sildenafil can safely and effectively improve their erectile function, the satisfaction over the ED treatment outcome means that their PE symptoms could be alleviated.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ejaculation , Erectile Dysfunction , Drug Therapy , Piperazines , Therapeutic Uses , Purines , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological , Drug Therapy , Sildenafil Citrate , Sulfones , Treatment Outcome , Vasodilator Agents , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
Objective To compaire the physical characteristics of semen morphology before and after semen coagulation-liquefaction under microscope and understand the significance of these characteristics for the determination of semen liquefaction.Methods Semens were placed in sperm counting chamber immediately after collection.The morphological changes of the seminal gelatinous substance during liquefaction were observed under microscope and analyzed.Results Morphological changes during semen liquefaction can be clearly observed.Among 32 samples of semen,forward sperm progression and motility were (30.3?12.4)% and (45.0?14.9)%,(44.9?12.7)% and (59.0?15.3)%,before and after the liquefaction,respectively.The differences were statistically significant (t=-1.130,5.023,P0.05).Conclusions Microscopic observation of the seminal gelatinous substance is a simple and feasible method for objective measurement of sperm liquefaction.These findings suggest it may provide pathological significance on semen liquefaction abnormality in infertility clinic.